Hypertension, Dyslipidaemia, and Diabetes
Classification of BP for adults ages 18 and older. Based on JNC7 recommendations.
| BP CLASSIFICATION | SBP* MMHG | DBP* MMHG | LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| NORMAL | < 120 | and < 80 | Encourage |
| PREHYPERTENSION | 120-139 | or 80-89 | Yes |
| STAGE 1 HYPERTENSION | 140-159 | or 90-99 | Yes |
| STAGE 2 HYPERTENSION | 2160 | or 2100 | Yes |
Classification and management of blood pressure for adults.
Lifestyle modifications to manage hypertension.
| Modification | Recommendation | Approximate SBP Reduction (Range) |
|---|---|---|
| Weight reduction | Maintain normal body weight (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). | 5–20 mmHg/10 kg weight loss. |
| Adopt DASH eating plan (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). | Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy products with a reduced content of saturated and total fat. | 8–14 mmHg. |
| Dietary sodium reduction | Reduce dietary sodium intake to no more than 100 mmol per day (2.4 g sodium or 6 g sodium chloride). | 2–8 mmHg |
| Physical activity | Engage in regular aerobic physical activity such as brisk walking (at least 30 min per day, most days of the week). | 4–9 mmHg. |
| Moderation of alcohol consumption | Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol e.g. 24 oz beer, 10 oz wine,or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter weight persons. | 2–4 mmHg. |
ATP III Classification of LDL, Total, and HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL).
Total Cholesterol
| < 200 | Desirable |
| 200-239 | Borderline high |
| ≥240 | High |
LDL Cholesterol
| < 100 | Optimal |
| 100-129 | Near optimal/above optimal |
| 130-159 | Borderline high |
| 160-189 | High |
| ≥ 190 | Very high |
HDL Cholesterols
| < 40 | Low |
| ≥ 60 | High |
Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and associated disorders for Type 2 diabetes
Modifiable risk factors
- Overweight and obesity (central and total).
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Previously identified glucose intolerance (IGT and/or IFG).
- Metabolic syndrome:
- Hypertension.
- Decreased HDL cholesterol.
- Increased trigylcerides.
- Dietary factors.
- Intrauterine environment.
- Inflammation.
Non-modifiable risk factors
- Ethnicity.
- Family history of Type 2 diabetes.
- Age.
- Gender.
- History of gestational diabetes.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) suggested blood glucose targets
- Preprandial – 70-130 mg/dl (3.9-7.2 mmol/l).
- Postprandial (1-2 hours) - <180 mg/dl (<10.0 mmol/l).
- HbA1c (three month blood sugar average) – 7.0% or lower.
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